• These studies established IAP proteins as dimeric

  2020-06-15

  

  These studies established IAP proteins as dimeric RING E3 ligases, but did not account for the essential role of dimerization. In IAPs and related E3s, such as RNF4 and MDM2, dimerization not only depends on contacts from the core RING domain but also residues N- and C-terminal to the RING domain (B

• Alpha SYN has no direct effect on forskolin

  2020-06-15

  

  Alpha-SYN has no direct effect on forskolin-induced CREB phosphorylation, but rather blocks the stimulation of CRE-mediated transcription in the nucleus. Previously we suggested that α-SYN can enter the nucleus and is present in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions without direct interaction between

• DNA methylation assay To test the biological activity

  2020-06-15

  

  DNA methylation assay. To test the biological activity of purified A1S_0222, a methylation assay was performed using the Int1 DNA. As an alternative DNA substrate, Seq3 (located in gene A1S_0965 of A. baumannii ATCC 17978) was amplified from Acinetobacter baumannii 29D2 using the oligonucleotides Se

• An important role for the

  2020-06-13

  

  An important role for the precursor molecule of the main EBI2 ligand, 25-OHC, in the inhibition of inflammation was recently shown. 25-OHC was demonstrated to inhibit inflammasome induction in mouse macrophages [28]. Inflammasome assemblies are the sites of caspase 1 activation and lead to the gener

• DNA PK Jackson is activated by DNA double

  2020-06-13

  

  DNA-PK (Jackson, 1997) is activated by DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). It is a trimeric complex composed of the catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs, and the Ku70/80 heterodimer. DNA-PK mediates non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which joins programmed DSBs created during V(D)J recombination and class swi

• DSBs can be repaired by two

  2020-06-13

  

  DSBs can be repaired by two major pathways: canonical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) (Chapman et al., 2012). c-NHEJ comprises two sub-pathways, a resection-independent process and a resection-dependent process, and can rejoin break ends with little or no sequen

• Examination of Wnt signaling via for example complexes of

  2020-06-13

  

  Examination of Wnt signaling via, for example, complexes of frizzled (Fz) and lipoprotein-receptor-related protein (LRP) receptors has been hindered by difficulties in producing Wnt ligands due to their inherent hydrophobicity [20]. This bottleneck was recently bypassed by constructing highly solubl

• br Expression and Purification of Atg and Atg Proteins

  2020-06-13

  

  Expression and Purification of Atg4 and Atg8 Proteins for In Vitro Assays Measurement of Atg4 Activity In Vitro and Ex Vivo Kinetics Analysis of Atg4 Enzymes Summary Atg4 proteases play a crucial role in preparing Atg8 for conjugation to lipid membranes and for the deconjugation of Atg8

• br Pre clinical combination studies using CSF

  2020-06-13

  

  Pre-clinical combination studies using CSF-1/CSF-1R inhibitors In preclinical models, the CSF-1R pathway can be blocked by using either small molecule kinase inhibitors (GW2580 [30], PLX3397 [31], Ki20227 [32], BLZ945 [33] and CYC11645 [34]), antibody-mediated inhibition of CSF-1 using 5A1 [35] o

• Regarding the mechanism of action of CRF several studies hav

  2020-06-13

  

  Regarding the mechanism of action of CRF, several studies have shown that low doses of CRF may preferentially activate CRF1 receptors in glutamatergic projection neurons, serotoninergic neurons or glutamatergic collaterals in the medial prefrontal cortex (Vertes, 2004). Indeed, prosencephalic inacti

• Taking into account that Gr

  2020-06-13

  

  Taking into account that Gr dysfunction is involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying HPA axis disorder (Li et al., 2017b) and Gr activity has been reported to be lowered in patients with severe mood disorders (Rush et al. 1996) and in adult rats (Green et al. 2016), PFOS could alter HPA axis a

• Through the process of alternative splicing the IKZF gene

  2020-06-13

  

  Through the process of alternative splicing, the IKZF1 gene is capable of encoding a large number of Ikaros isoforms (Molnar et al., 1996). Some of these isoforms were shown to have distinct functions (Li et al., 2011, Ronni et al., 2007). Ikaros protein contains four zinc fingers at the N-terminus

• br Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concep

  2020-06-13

  

  Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concept of a synapse between a neuron and an innervated cell, and the receptors that mediated their interaction, was developed by Bernard, Ehrlich, Sherrington, Langley and others (see [7], [8], [9]. It was long debated whether transmission of ne

• br Results br Discussion Fetal development

  2020-06-12

  

  Results Discussion Fetal development occurs under conditions of low oxygen tension and steady maternal glucose such that physiologic systems including the pancreas are functionally poised in the prenatal state. Postnatally, oxidative metabolism becomes dominant and intermittent feeding exposes

• br Cytochrome P monooxygenases Cytochrome P monooxygenases P

  2020-06-12

  

  Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) belong to one of Nature’s most versatile group of enzymes for C–H functionalization and are able to perform challenging regioselective and stereoselective activations of remote, unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds, for which there are o

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